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Python Implementations

Different Python implementations may have varying performance characteristics for the same operations.

Major Implementations

  • CPython - Reference implementation (C-based)
  • PyPy - JIT compiler (Python-based, fastest for many workloads)
  • Jython - Java platform (Java interoperability)
  • IronPython - .NET platform (.NET interoperability)

Quick Comparison

Implementation Engine Performance Use Case
CPython Bytecode interpreter Good General purpose, standard
PyPy JIT compiler Excellent Long-running, CPU-bound tasks
Jython Java-based Good Java ecosystem integration
IronPython .NET-based Good .NET ecosystem integration

Complexity Guarantees

While standard operations have similar complexity across implementations, there are differences:

  • CPython: Baseline, well-tested complexity guarantees
  • PyPy: Same algorithmic complexity, may be faster in practice
  • Jython: Uses Java collections, may have different characteristics
  • IronPython: Uses .NET types, similar to CPython

Key Differences

Optimization Strategies

  • CPython: Static optimizations, caching, string interning
  • PyPy: Dynamic JIT optimization, guard-based specialization
  • Jython: Java native performance, GC differences
  • IronPython: .NET runtime benefits, library integration

Memory Management

  • CPython: Reference counting + generational GC
  • PyPy: Generational GC (no reference counting overhead)
  • Jython: Java GC (pause times may vary)
  • IronPython: .NET GC (similar to Jython)

Detailed Guides

See individual implementation pages for:

  • Specific optimizations
  • Performance characteristics
  • Known differences in complexity
  • When to use each implementation