turtle Module¶
The turtle module provides a beginner-friendly graphics library based on Tk, allowing drawing with simple commands like moving a turtle.
Complexity Reference¶
| Operation | Time | Space | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
forward() / movement |
O(1) | O(1) | Draw line segment; Tk rendering overhead |
| Draw shape | O(n) | O(n) | n = sides/segments |
| Screen refresh | O(n) | O(n) | Render all graphics objects |
Drawing with Turtle Graphics¶
Basic Turtle Drawing¶
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
# Create screen and turtle - O(1)
screen = Screen()
turtle = Turtle()
# Draw square - O(n)
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(100) # O(1)
turtle.right(90) # O(1)
# Change properties - O(1)
turtle.pencolor("red")
turtle.pensize(3)
# Draw circle - O(n)
turtle.circle(50)
# Keep window open
screen.exitonclick()
Multiple Turtles¶
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
screen = Screen()
# Create turtles - O(1) each
turtle1 = Turtle()
turtle1.color("red")
turtle2 = Turtle()
turtle2.color("blue")
turtle2.penup()
turtle2.goto(-50, 0)
turtle2.pendown()
# Draw simultaneously - O(n)
for _ in range(100):
turtle1.forward(1)
turtle1.right(3.6)
turtle2.forward(1)
turtle2.left(3.6)
screen.exitonclick()