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winsound Module¶

The winsound module provides access to the basic sound-playing machinery in Windows: a tone generator, WAV playback, and the system alert sounds.

It is Windows-only. On other platforms importing it raises ModuleNotFoundError.

Complexity Reference¶

Operation	Time	Space	Notes
`Beep(frequency, duration)`	O(1) + blocks	O(1)	Blocks for `duration` milliseconds
`PlaySound(sound, flags)`	O(1) or O(n)	O(1) or O(n)	O(1) for a filename or alias; O(n) when passing WAV bytes
`MessageBeep(type)`	O(1)	O(1)	Plays a system alert; returns immediately

The interesting cost here is not algorithmic but whether the call blocks:

Flag	Behavior
`SND_ASYNC`	Returns immediately; sound plays in the background
`SND_SYNC`	Blocks for the full duration of the sound (default)
`SND_MEMORY`	`sound` is a bytes-like WAV image; O(n) in its size
`SND_FILENAME`	`sound` is a path; the OS streams it
`SND_ALIAS`	`sound` names a system event sound
`SND_LOOP`	Repeats until the next `PlaySound` call; requires `SND_ASYNC`
`SND_NOSTOP`	Do not interrupt a sound already playing

Playing a WAV File¶

import winsound

# Blocking - returns when playback finishes
winsound.PlaySound("alert.wav", winsound.SND_FILENAME)

# Non-blocking - returns immediately, O(1)
winsound.PlaySound("alert.wav", winsound.SND_FILENAME | winsound.SND_ASYNC)

# Stop whatever is playing - O(1)
winsound.PlaySound(None, winsound.SND_PURGE)

Tones and System Sounds¶

import winsound

# 440 Hz for 500 ms - blocks for the full duration
winsound.Beep(440, 500)

# System alert, returns immediately - O(1)
winsound.MessageBeep(winsound.MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)

Playing From Memory¶

import winsound

with open("alert.wav", "rb") as f:
    data = f.read()          # O(n) in file size

# O(n) - the whole WAV image must be in memory
winsound.PlaySound(data, winsound.SND_MEMORY)

Windows only

There is no cross-platform sound module in the standard library. For portable audio, use a third-party library and select the backend at runtime.

Do not block a UI thread

The default is SND_SYNC, which blocks for the length of the sound. In an interactive or server process, pass SND_ASYNC.

Version Notes¶

All Python 3 versions: available on Windows builds only
All versions: per-call complexity is unchanged; wall-clock time is governed by the sound's duration, not by input size